Lesson 10 Present Middle/Passive Indicative

I. Review (Lesson 3)

• Voice: active, passive, middle
• Present Acitive Indicative: 1pp + ο/ε + primary active personal endings

II. Present Middle/Passive Indicative

• 1pp + ο/ε + primary middle/passive personal endings (see Conjugation chart)
• Paradigm of λύω
  Note the form of 2nd sg λύῃ: λυ + ε + σαι = λυεσαι = λυεαι = λυηι = λυῃ
  (intervocalic sigma drops off, εα contracts to η, and iota subscripts)
• In the present, middle and passive share the same form
• meaning: I loose for myself, I am loosed, etc.
• parsing: tense, voice, mood, person, number, lexical form, inflected meaning

III. Deponent

• mid/pas in form, but active in meaning (no active form)
• ex. ἔρχομαι (I go/come), δύναμαι (I am able), γίνομαι (I become)
• parsing: say “deponent” instead of “middle/passive”
• some peculiarity of δύναμαι:
  this verb does not use the thematic vowel (ο/ε); it uses α throughout:
  δύναμαι, δύνασαι or δύνῃ, δύναται, δυνάμεθα, δύνασθε, δύνανται

IV. Functions of the Greek Middle

1. Direct (Reflexive): e.g., to clothe oneself, to wash oneself
   Matt 27:5 ἀπήγξατο. He hanged himself.

2. Indirect (Benefactive, Self-interest): for oneself
   Jas 4:3 You ask (αἰτεῖτε) and do not receive because you ask (αἰτεῖσθε) wrongly.
   [Note the first “ask” is active and the second middle]

3. Causative: e.g., to get oneself washed
   1Cor 6:11 ἀλλὰ ἀπελούσασθε, ἀλλὰ ἡγιάσθητε, ἀλλὰ ἐδικαιώθητε.
   But you got yourselves washed, you were sanctified, you were justified.
   [Note the first verb is in the middle, while the last two passive. It seems to imply: while sanctification and justification is done by God, the washing away of sin, though done by God, involves our willing participation.]

4. Deliberative: e.g., to deliberate with oneself, to agree with one another
   Luke 14:31 He will first take counsel (βουλεύσεται) if he is able...

Examples
Mark 3:20 Kαὶ ἔρχεται εἰς οἶκον.

Mark 10:26 τίς δύναται σωθῆναι (to be saved);

Matt 3:14 ἐγὼ χρείαν (need) ἔχω ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι (to be baptized), καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με;

Mark 4:1 συνάγεται πρὸς αὐτὸν ὄχλος.
 

Memorization
John 14:6 ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή. οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν πατέρα εἰ μὴ δι’ ἐμοῦ.
 
 

Assignments
Vocabulary. Paradigm. Exercise. Memorize John 14:6.