1. Root = the most basic form of a verb
II. Major patterns of tense stems
Pattern 1. Verbal root = Present tense stem
(~80% of verbs)
a. Roots ending in i/u
(e.g., luvw, future luvsw)
b. Roots ending in a stop
(e.g., blevpw, future
blevyw)
c. Contract verbs (e.g.,
poievw,
future poihvsw)
d. Liquid verbs (e.g., mevnw,
future menw')
Pattern 2. Roots ending in a stop
a. izw/azw
verbs: roots ending in dental
e.g., baptivzw, future
baptivsw
(root baptid-)
b. assw
verbs: roots ending in velar
e.g., khruvssw, future
khruvxw
(root khrug-)
Pattern 3. Double consonants: roots in single
consonant
e.g., bavllw,
future balw' (root bal-)
Pattern 4. Letter(s) added to form the present
tense
a. iota (usually "metathesis"
also occurs)
e.g., ar- + i
= ari = air
= ai[rw, future ajrw'
b. (i)sk
e.g., eur- + isk
= euJrivskw, future euJrhvsw
c. nu
e.g., pivnw, future pivomai
(root pi-)
d. tau (roots ending in
labial)
e.g., klevptw, future
klevyw
(root klep-)
Pattern 5. Different roots altogether (only a few)
Present
|
Future
|
|||
| e[rcomai (erc-) | ejleuvsomai (eleuq-) | |||
| levgw (leg-) | ejrw' (Ûer-) | |||
| oJravw (ora-) | o[yomai (op-) | |||
| eJsqivw (esqi-) | favgomai (fag-) | |||
| fevrw (fer-) | oi[sw (oi-) |
Examples
Matt 13:41 ajpostelei' oJ
uiJo;ß tou' ajnqrwvpou tou;ß ajggevlouß aujtou'.
Mark 16:17 ejn tw/' ojnovmativ mou daimovnia ejkbalou'sin, glwvssaiß lalhvsousin kainai'ß (new).
Acts 1:11 ou|toß oJ ÅIhsou'ß ... ou&twß ejleuvsetai.
Matt 5:8 makavrioi oiJ kaqaroiÆ (pure) th/' kardiva/, o&ti aujtoiÆ to;n qeo;n o[yontai.
Rom 8:31 Tiv ou\n ejrou'men
pro;ß tau'ta; eij
oJ qeo;ß uJpeÆr hJmw'n, tivß kaqÅ
hJmw'n;
Assignments
Vocabulary.
Exercise.
Learn the patterns. In vocabulary, memorize the root along with the lexical form!!
The materials in this lesson closely follow a revised Chapter 20 of Basics
of Biblical Greek. If you are insterested, you may download it (in PDF format) at Dr. Bill Mounce's website.
